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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- restore, rrestore - incremental filesystem restore
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee key [ name ... ]
- rrrrrrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee key [ name ... ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _r_e_s_t_o_r_e, and _r_r_e_s_t_o_r_e are applicable only to dumps made by _d_u_m_p(1m) from
- EFS filesystems, but they can restore files into any type of filesystem,
- not just an EFS filesystem.
-
- _r_e_s_t_o_r_e reads tapes dumped with the _d_u_m_p(1M) command and restores them
- _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e _t_o _t_h_e _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. Its actions are controlled by the _k_e_y
- argument. The _k_e_y is a string of characters containing at most one
- function letter and possibly one or more function modifiers. Any
- arguments supplied for specific options are given as subsequent words on
- the command line, in the same order as that of the options listed. Other
- arguments to the command are file or directory names specifying the files
- that are to be restored. Unless the hhhh key is specified (see below), the
- appearance of a directory name refers to the files and (recursively)
- subdirectories of that directory.
-
- The function portion of the key is specified by one of the following
- letters:
-
- rrrr Restore the entire tape. The tape is read and its full contents
- loaded into the current directory. This should not be done lightly;
- the rrrr key should only be used to restore a complete level 0 dump
- tape onto a clear filesystem or to restore an incremental dump tape
- after a full level 0 restore. Thus
-
- _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_mmmm_kkkk_ffff_ssss _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_dddd_ssss_kkkk_////_dddd_kkkk_ssss_0000_dddd_2222_ssss_0000
- _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_mmmm_oooo_uuuu_nnnn_tttt _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_dddd_ssss_kkkk_0000_dddd_2222_ssss_0000 _////_mmmm_nnnn_tttt
- _cccc_dddd _////_mmmm_nnnn_tttt
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _rrrr
-
- is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump. Another _r_e_s_t_o_r_e
- can be done to get an incremental dump in on top of this. Note that
- _r_e_s_t_o_r_e leaves a file _r_e_s_t_o_r_e_s_y_m_t_a_b_l_e in the root directory to pass
- information between incremental restore passes. This file should be
- removed when the last incremental tape has been restored. Also, see
- the note in the BUGS section below.
-
- RRRR Resume restoring. _r_e_s_t_o_r_e requests a particular tape of a multi
- volume set on which to restart a full restore (see the rrrr key above).
- This allows _r_e_s_t_o_r_e to be interrupted and then restarted.
-
- xxxx The named files are extracted from the tape. If the named file
- matches a directory whose contents had been written onto the tape,
- and the hhhh key is nnnnooootttt specified, the directory is recursively
- extracted. The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- possible). If no file argument is given, the root directory is
- extracted, which results in the entire content of the tape being
- extracted unless the hhhh key has been specified.
-
- tttt The names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the
- tape. If no file argument is given, the root directory is listed,
- which results in the entire content of the tape being listed unless
- the hhhh key has been specified. Note that the tttt key replaces the
- function of the old _d_u_m_p_d_i_r program.
-
- iiii This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape.
- After reading in the directory information from the tape, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e
- provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move around
- the directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The available
- commands are given below; for those commands that require an
- argument, the default is the current directory.
-
- llllssss [_a_r_g] List the current or specified directory. Entries that
- are directories are appended with a ////. Entries that have
- been marked for extraction are prepended with a ****. If
- the verbose key is set the inode number of each entry is
- also listed.
-
- ccccdddd _a_r_g Change the current working directory to the specified
- argument.
-
- ppppwwwwdddd Print the full pathname of the current working directory.
-
- aaaadddddddd [_a_r_g] The current directory or specified argument is added to
- the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is
- specified, it and all its descendents are added to the
- extraction list (unless the hhhh key is specified on the
- command line). Files that are on the extraction list are
- prepended with a **** when they are listed by llllssss.
-
- ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee [_a_r_g]
- The current directory or specified argument is deleted
- from the list of files to be extracted. If a directory
- is specified, it and all its descendents are deleted from
- the extraction list (unless the hhhh key is specified on the
- command line). The most expedient way to extract most of
- the files from a directory is to add the directory to the
- extraction list and then delete those files that are not
- needed.
-
- eeeexxxxttttrrrraaaacccctttt All the files that are on the extraction list are
- extracted from the dump tape. _r_e_s_t_o_r_e asks which volume
- the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a
- few files is to start with the last volume and work
- towards the first volume.
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
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- sssseeeettttmmmmooooddddeeeessss All the directories that have been added to the
- extraction list have their owner, modes, and times set;
- nothing is extracted from the tape. This is useful for
- cleaning up after a _r_e_s_t_o_r_e has been prematurely aborted.
-
- vvvveeeerrrrbbbboooosssseeee The sense of the vvvv key is toggled. When set, the verbose
- key causes the llllssss command to list the inode numbers of
- all entries. It also causes _r_e_s_t_o_r_e to print out
- information about each file as it is extracted.
-
- hhhheeeellllpppp List a summary of the available commands.
-
- qqqquuuuiiiitttt _r_e_s_t_o_r_e immediately exits, even if the extraction list is
- not empty.
-
- The following characters can be used in addition to the letter that
- selects the function desired.
-
- bbbb The next _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is used as the block size of the tape
- (in kilobytes). If the bbbb option is not specified, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e tries to
- determine the tape block size dynamically, but is only able to do so
- if the block size is 32 or less. For larger sizes, the bbbb option
- must be used with _r_e_s_t_o_r_e.
-
- ffff The next _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is used as the name of the archive
- instead of /_d_e_v/_t_a_p_e. If the name of the file is ----, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e reads
- from standard input. Thus, _d_u_m_p(1M) and _r_e_s_t_o_r_e can be used in a
- pipeline to dump and restore a filesystem with the command
-
- _dddd_uuuu_mmmm_pppp _0000_ffff _---- _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr _|||| _((((_cccc_dddd _////_mmmm_nnnn_tttt_;;;; _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _xxxx_ffff _----_))))
-
- If the name of the file is of the format _m_a_c_h_i_n_e:_d_e_v_i_c_e, the
- filesystem dump is restored from the specified machine over the
- network. _r_e_s_t_o_r_e creates a remote server /_e_t_c/_r_m_t, on the client
- machine to access the tape device. Since _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is normally run by
- root, the name of the local machine must appear in the ._r_h_o_s_t_s file
- of the remote machine. If the filename _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is of the form
- _u_s_e_r@_m_a_c_h_i_n_e:_d_e_v_i_c_e, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e attempts to execute as the specified
- use on the remote machine. The specified user must have a ._r_h_o_s_t_s
- file on the remote machine that allows root from the local machine.
-
- vvvv Normally _r_e_s_t_o_r_e does its work silently. The vvvv (verbose) key causes
- it to type the name of each file it treats preceded by its file
- type.
-
- yyyy _r_e_s_t_o_r_e does not ask whether it should abort the restore if gets a
- tape error. It always tries to skip over the bad tape block(s) and
- continue as best it can.
-
- mmmm _r_e_s_t_o_r_e extracts by inode numbers rather than by filename. This is
- useful if only a few files are being extracted, and one wants to
- avoid regenerating the complete pathname to the file.
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
-
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- hhhh _r_e_s_t_o_r_e extracts the actual directory, rather than the files that it
- references. This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete
- subtrees from the tape.
-
- ssss The next _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is a number that selects the dump file
- when there are multiple dump files on the same tape. File numbering
- starts at 1.
-
- nnnn Only those files that are newer than the file specified by the next
- _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t are considered for restoration. _r_e_s_t_o_r_e looks at the
- modification time of the specified file using the ssssttttaaaatttt(2) system
- call.
-
- eeee No existing files are overwritten.
-
- EEEE Restores only non-existent files or newer versions (as determined by
- the file status change time stored in the dump file) of existing
- files. Note that the _l_s(1) command shows the modification time and
- not the file status change time. See _s_t_a_t(2) for more details.
-
- dddd Turn on debugging output.
-
- oooo Normally _r_e_s_t_o_r_e does not use _c_h_o_w_n(2) to restore files to the
- original user and group id unless it is being run by the superuser
- (or with the effective user id of zero). This is to provide
- Berkeley-style semantics. This can be overridden with the oooo option
- which results in _r_e_s_t_o_r_e attempting to restore the original
- ownership to the files.
-
- NNNN Do not write anything to the disk. This option can be used to
- validate the tapes after a dump. If invoked with the rrrr option,
- _r_e_s_t_o_r_e goes through the motion of reading all the dump tapes
- without actually writing anything to the disk.
-
- DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
- _r_e_s_t_o_r_e complains about bad key characters.
-
- On getting a read error, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e prints out diagnostics. If yyyy has been
- specified, or the user responds yyyy, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e attempts to continue the
- restore.
-
- If the dump extends over more than one tape, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e asks the user to
- change tapes. If the xxxx or iiii key has been specified, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e also asks
- which volume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few
- files is to start with the last volume and work towards the first volume.
-
- There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by _r_e_s_t_o_r_e.
- Most checks are self-explanatory or can never happen. Common errors are
- given below.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
-
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- Converting to new filesystem format.
- A dump tape created from the old filesystem has been loaded. It is
- automatically converted to the new filesystem format.
-
- <_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e>: not found on tape
- The specified filename was listed in the tape directory, but was not
- found on the tape. This is caused by tape read errors while looking
- for the file, and from using a dump tape created on an active
- filesystem.
-
- expected next file <_i_n_u_m_b_e_r>, got <_i_n_u_m_b_e_r>
- A file that was not listed in the directory showed up. This can
- occur when using a dump tape created on an active filesystem.
-
- Incremental tape too low
- When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written before the
- previous incremental tape, or that has too low an incremental level
- has been loaded.
-
- Incremental tape too high
- When doing incremental restore, a tape that does not begin its
- coverage where the previous incremental tape left off, or that has
- too high an incremental level has been loaded.
-
- Tape read error while restoring <_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e>
- Tape read error while skipping over inode <_i_n_u_m_b_e_r>
- Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
- A tape read error has occurred. If a filename is specified, its
- contents are probably partially wrong. If an inode is being skipped
- or the tape is trying to resynchronize, no extracted files have been
- corrupted, though files may not be found on the tape.
-
- resync restore, skipped <_n_u_m> blocks
- After a tape read error, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e may have to resynchronize itself.
- This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over.
-
- Error while writing to file /tmp/rstdir*
- An error was encountered while writing to the temporary file
- containing information about the directories on tape. Use the
- TMPDIR environment variable to relocate this file in a directory
- that has more space available.
-
- Error while writing to file /tmp/rstdir*
- An error was encountered while writing to the temporary file
- containing information about the owner, mode and timestamp
- information of directories. Use the TMPDIR environment variable to
- relocate this file in a directory that has more space available.
-
- EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _rrrr
-
- Restores the entire tape into the current directory, reading from the
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555
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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
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- default tape device /_d_e_v/_t_a_p_e.
-
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _rrrr_ffff _gggg_uuuu_eeee_ssss_tttt_@@@@_kkkk_eeee_ssss_tttt_rrrr_eeee_llll_...._ssss_gggg_iiii_...._cccc_oooo_mmmm_::::_////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_tttt_aaaa_pppp_eeee
-
- Restores the entire tape into the current directory, reading from the
- remote tape device /_d_e_v/_t_a_p_e on host kestrel.sgi.com using the guest
- account.
-
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _xxxx _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_hhhh_oooo_ssss_tttt_ssss _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_ffff_ssss_tttt_aaaa_bbbb _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_mmmm_yyyy_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee
-
- Restores the three specified files into the current directory, reading
- from the default tape device /_d_e_v/_t_a_p_e.
-
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _xxxx _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_dddd_ssss_kkkk
-
- Restores the entire /_d_e_v/_d_s_k directory and subdirectories recursively
- into the current directory, reading from the default tape device
- /_d_e_v/_t_a_p_e.
-
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _rrrr_NNNN
-
- Reads the entire tape and go through all the motions of restoring the
- entire dump, without writing to the disk. This can be used to validate
- the dump tape.
-
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _xxxx_eeee _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_dddd_iiii_rrrr_////_ffff_oooo_oooo
-
- Restores (recursively) all files in the given directory /_u_s_r/_d_i_r/_f_o_o.
- However, no existing files are overwritten.
-
- _rrrr_eeee_ssss_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee _xxxx_nnnn _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_dddd_iiii_rrrr_////_bbbb_aaaa_rrrr
-
- Restores (recursively) all files that are newer than the given file
- /_u_s_r/_d_i_r/_b_a_r.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /dev/tape This is the default tape device used unless the
- environment variable TAPE is set.
- /tmp/rstdir* This temporary file contains the directories on the tape.
- If the environment variable TMPDIR is set, the file is
- created in that directory.
- /tmp/rstmode* This temporary file contains the owner, mode, and time
- stamps for directories. If the environment variable
- TMPDIR is set, the file is created in that directory.
- ./restoresymtable
- Information is passed between incremental restores in
- this file.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- dump(1M), mkfs(1M), mount(1M), rmt(1M), rhosts(4), mtio(7).
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666
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- rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM)))) rrrreeeessssttttoooorrrreeee((((1111MMMM))))
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- NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
- _r_r_e_s_t_o_r_e is a link to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e.
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- _r_e_s_t_o_r_e can get confused when doing incremental restores from dump tapes
- that were made on active filesystems.
-
- A level 0 dump must be done after a full restore. Because _r_e_s_t_o_r_e runs
- in user code, it has no control over inode allocation. This results in
- the files being restored having an inode numbering different from the
- filesystem that was originally dumped. Thus a full dump must be done to
- get a new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even
- though the contents of the files is unchanged, so that later incremental
- dumps will be correct.
-
- Existing dangling symlinks are modified even if the eeee option is supplied,
- if the dump tape contains a hard link by the same name.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777
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